Oval-like Grooves

The Circular Oval Groove

The CircularOvalGroove class represents an oval-shaped groove consisting of two radii as shown in the figure.

It is defined by the radius \(r_1\) and any two of radius \(r_2\), depth \(d\) and usable width \(w_\mathrm{u}\). The geometric constraints are \(r_1 << r_2\) and \(d << r_2\). \(r_3\) and \(r_4\) are considered to be zero, as well as \(w_\mathrm{g}'\).

The topology of this groove is similar to the round groove, with the main difference, that the center of \(r_2\) is not placed in the center of the groove. For this reason \(d\) is typically much smaller than \(r_2\) $.

class CircularOvalGroove(r1: float, r2: float | None = None, depth: float | None = None, usable_width: float | None = None, pad_angle: float = 0, **kwargs)

Represents an oval-shaped groove with one main radius.

Give exactly two of r2, depth or usable_width.

Parameters:

• r1 – radius 1 (face/flank)

• r2 – radius 2 (flank/ground)

• depth – maximum depth

• usable_width – usable width

• pad_angle – angle between z-axis and the roll face padding

• kwargs – more keyword arguments passed to the GenericElongationGroove constructor

property classifiers

A tuple of keywords to specify the type classifiers of this groove.

The Flat Oval Groove

The FlatOvalGroove class represents an oval-shaped groove consisting of two radii and an even ground as shown in the figure.

Mandatory measures of this groove are the two radii \(r_1\) and \(r_2\), as well as the depth \(d\). Additionally, one of the usable width \(w_\mathrm{u}\) and the even ground width \(w_\mathrm{g}'\) must be given. The depth is \(d\) typically \(\le \frac{w_\mathrm{u}}{2}\). \(r_3\) and \(r_4\) are considered to be zero.

class FlatOvalGroove(r1: float, r2: float, depth: float, usable_width: float | None = None, even_ground_width: float | None = None, pad_angle: float = 0, **kwargs)

Represent an oval-shaped groove with a flat ground.

Give exactly one of usable_width and even_ground_width.

Parameters:

• r1 – radius 1 (face/flank)

• r2 – radius 2 (flank/ground)

• depth – maximum depth

• usable_width – usable width

• even_ground_width – width of the straight ground line

• pad_angle – angle between z-axis and the roll face padding

• kwargs – more keyword arguments passed to the GenericElongationGroove constructor

property classifiers

A tuple of keywords to specify the type classifiers of this groove.

The Swedish Oval Groove

The SwedishOvalGroove class represents a hexagonal-shaped groove as shown in the figure. The term “hexagonal” is also used for this type of groove, but can be confused with regular hexagon shaped grooves. The current type of groove is used as an oval and therefore the term swedish oval should be used, which is derived from its origin in swedish steel plants.

Mandatory measures of this groove are the two radii \(r_1\) and \(r_2\), as well as the depth \(d\). To constrain geometry fully, any two of the following must be given:

• usable width \(w_\mathrm{u}\)

• ground width \(w_g\) or even ground width \(w'_\mathrm{g}\)

• flank angle \(\alpha\)

The radii are typically small, the depth is \(d\) typically \(<< \frac{w_\mathrm{u}}{2}\). \(r_3\) and \(r_4\) are considered to be zero.

\(b_d\) was chosen in favor of the even ground width \(w_\mathrm{g}'\), because it does not change when the radii are modified. So the overall geometry remains the same if one modifies only the radii.

The topology of this groove is equal to the box groove, but typically the flank angles are smaller and the groove is less deep.

class SwedishOvalGroove(r1: float, r2: float, depth: float, ground_width: float | None = None, even_ground_width: float | None = None, usable_width: float | None = None, flank_angle: float | None = None, pad_angle: float = 0, **kwargs)

Represents a hexagonal-shaped groove that is used like an oval groove (swedish oval).

Exactly two of ground_width, even_ground_width, usable_width and flank_angle must be given, but not ground_width and even_ground_width at the same time. Widths are always measured at the intersection of the extrapolated ground, face and flanks. All angles are measured in ° (degree).

Parameters:

• r1 – radius 1 (face/flank)

• r2 – radius 2 (flank/ground)

• depth – maximum depth

• ground_width – width of the groove ground

• even_ground_width – width of the even ground line

• usable_width – usable width of the groove

• flank_angle – inclination angle of the flanks

• pad_angle – angle between z-axis and the roll face padding

• kwargs – more keyword arguments passed to the GenericElongationGroove constructor

Raises:

ValueError – if not exactly two of ground_width, usable_width and flank_angle are given

property classifiers

A tuple of keywords to specify the type classifiers of this groove.

The Constricted Swedish Oval Groove

The ConstrictedSwedishOvalGroove class represents a swedish oval groove but with an indent in the ground as shown in the figure.

Mandatory measures of this groove are the two radii \(r_1\) and \(r_2\), as well as the depth \(d\) and the indent \(i\). To constrain geometry fully, any two of the following must be given:

• usable width \(w_\mathrm{u}\)

• ground width \(w_\mathrm{g}\) or even ground width \(w'_\mathrm{g}\)

• flank angle \(\alpha\)

The radii are typically small, the depth is \(d\) typically \(<< \frac{w_\mathrm{u}}{2}\). \(r_3\) and \(r_4\) are considered to be zero.

class ConstrictedSwedishOvalGroove(r1: float, r2: float, r4: float, depth: float, indent: float, ground_width: float | None = None, even_ground_width: float | None = None, usable_width: float | None = None, flank_angle: float | None = None, pad_angle: float = 0, **kwargs)

Represents a hexagonal-shaped groove with an indented ground that is used like an oval groove (swedish oval).

Exactly two of ground_width, even_ground_width, usable_width and flank_angle must be given, but not ground_width and even_ground_width at the same time. Widths are always measured at the intersection of the extrapolated ground, face and flanks. All angles are measured in ° (degree).

Parameters:

• r1 – radius 1 (face/flank)

• r2 – radius 2 (flank)

• r4 – radius 4 (indent)

• depth – maximum depth

• indent – depth of the indent

• ground_width – width of the groove ground

• even_ground_width – width of the even ground line

• usable_width – usable width of the groove

• flank_angle – inclination angle of the flanks

• pad_angle – angle between z-axis and the roll face padding

• kwargs – more keyword arguments passed to the GenericElongationGroove constructor

Raises:

ValueError – if not exactly two of ground_width, usable_width and flank_angle are given

property classifiers

A tuple of keywords to specify the type classifiers of this groove.

The Three Radii Oval Groove

The Oval3RadiiGroove class represents an oval-shaped groove consisting of three radii as shown in the figure.

Mandatory measures of this groove are the three radii \(r_1\), \(r_2\) and \(r_3\), as well as the depth \(d\) and the usable width \(w_\mathrm{u}\).

The depth is \(d\) typically \(\le \frac{w_\mathrm{u}}{2}\). \(r_4\) and \(b_d'\) are considered to be zero.

class Oval3RadiiGroove(r1: float, r2: float, r3: float, depth: float, usable_width: float, pad_angle: float = 0, **kwargs)

Represents an oval-shaped groove with 3 main radii.

Widths are always measured at the intersection of the extrapolated ground, face and flanks.

Parameters:

• r1 – radius 1 (face/flank)

• r2 – radius 2 (flank/ground)

• r3 – radius 3 (ground)

• depth – maximum depth

• usable_width – usable width of the groove

• pad_angle – angle between z-axis and the roll face padding

• kwargs – more keyword arguments passed to the GenericElongationGroove constructor

property classifiers

A tuple of keywords to specify the type classifiers of this groove.

The Flanked Three Radii Oval Groove

The Oval3RadiiFlankedGroove class represents an oval-shaped groove consisting of three radii and a small straight flank as shown in the figure.

Mandatory measures of this groove are the three radii \(r_1\), \(r_2\) and \(r_3\), as well as the depth \(d\) and the usable width \(b_\mathrm{kn}\). The flank is determined by either one of the flank angle \phi, the flank’s horizontal width, its vertical height or collinear length.

The depth is \(d\) typically \(\le \frac{b_\mathrm{kn}}{2}\). \(r_4\) and \(b_d'\) are considered to be zero.

class Oval3RadiiFlankedGroove(r1: float, r2: float, r3: float, depth: float, usable_width: float, flank_angle: float | None = None, flank_width: float | None = None, flank_height: float | None = None, flank_length: float | None = None, pad_angle: float = 0, **kwargs)

Represents an oval-shaped groove with 3 main radii and a dedicated flank.

Widths are always measured at the intersection of the extrapolated ground, face and flanks. All angles are measured in ° (degree).

Parameters:

• r1 – radius 1 (face/flank)

• r2 – radius 2 (flank/ground)

• r3 – radius 3 (ground)

• depth – maximum depth

• usable_width – usable width of the groove

• flank_angle – inclination angle of the flanks

• flank_width – horizontal extent of the flanks

• flank_height – vertical extent of the flanks

• flank_length – length of the flanks

• pad_angle – angle between z-axis and the roll face padding

• kwargs – more keyword arguments passed to the GenericElongationGroove constructor

property classifiers

A tuple of keywords to specify the type classifiers of this groove.

The Upset Oval Groove

The UpsetOvalGroove class represents a square shaped groove with curved edges as shown in the figure.

Mandatory measures of this groove are the radii \(r_1\), \(r_2\) and \(r_3\), as well as the usable width \(w_\mathrm{u}\) and depth \(d\).

The radii \(r_1\) and \(r_3\) are typically small, the depth \(d\) is typically \(\approx \frac{w_\mathrm{u}}{2}\). The tip angle \(\delta\) is typically one or two degree larger than 90° for wear reasons. \(r_3\) is much larger than the other radii.

class UpsetOvalGroove(r1: float, r2: float, r3: float, depth: float, usable_width: float, pad_angle: float = 0, **kwargs)

Represents an upright oval-shaped groove.

Widths are always measured at the intersection of the extrapolated ground, face and flanks.

Parameters:

• r1 – radius 1 (face/flank)

• r2 – radius 2 (flank/ground)

• r3 – radius 3 (ground)

• depth – maximum depth

• usable_width – usable width of the groove

• kwargs – more keyword arguments passed to the GenericElongationGroove constructor

• pad_angle – angle between z-axis and the roll face padding

property classifiers

A tuple of keywords to specify the type classifiers of this groove.