Disk Elements
The disk element is a unit used to subdivide other units into discrete steps. The disk element theory (strip element or slab element in flat rolling) is a common approach in rolling simulation. The basic idea is to define an element which is infinitesimal only in one direction, commonly the rolling direction, to construct 1D differential equations. In the other directions the element has finite boundaries, here defined by the profile contour. In numerical differential equation solving, of course, the disk element is also finite in rolling direction, as one uses a finite difference quotient as approximation of the differential quotient.
So in terms of PyRolL, a disk element is a small unit of finite length resp. duration (in terms of temporal differential equations), with an incoming and outgoing profile as usual.
Other units, currently roll passes and transports, may create a number of disk elements during initialization of the solution procedure.
These are available through the disk_elements property, which returns a list of disk elements.
The number of disk elements created is determined by the value of the disk_element_count hook.
If this value is zero, no disk elements are created and only one-step models can be used.
During the solution procedure, the disk elements are solved subsequently similar to the solution of a pass sequence. The outgoing profile of the former element is always used as incoming profile of the following. By defining hook functions on the disk elements of the respective units, one is able to define incremental models. Hook values of the unit’s outgoing profile are copied from the last disk element, if available. This behavior is realized by predefined hook functions for all core profile hooks, but must be implemented for additional hooks yourself.
Incremental models and one-step models can be used together. So there is no problem using an incremental model for thermal evolution together with a one-step empirical roll force model. Note, that if two plugins providing functions for the same hook, the one-step model will likely take precedence on the units outgoing profile, since the copy-from-disk-element function has low precedence. Of course, the disk elements will be solved incrementally, but the state of the last disk element’s outgoing profile will likely not be reflected in the parent unit’s outgoing profile. Consider to provide a new implementation doing this task to be sure the incremental model is used.
Disk elements of roll passes and transports share the largest part of their hook set with their parent units, so the respective values can be accessed under the same names.
However, hook function definitions are independent on each other.
See the class documentations of Transport.DiskElement and RollPass.DiskElement for details.
The class DiskElementUnit is a base class for units supporting the subdivision in disk elements.
It is not meant for direct use, except for hook definitions, that are of use for all derived units.
Transport and RollPass are both subclasses of this.
The class DiskElementUnit.DiskElement is the base class of all disk elements.
- class DiskElementUnit(label: str = '', parent=None, **kwargs)
Base class for units that can be divided in disk elements.
- class DiskElement(parent: Unit, index: int, **kwargs)
Represents a disk element unit, a unit used to subdivide other units in rolling direction. The basic disk element is not intended to be used directly. Use the specialized disk elements of the respective parent unit instead.
- Parameters:
label – label for human identification
kwargs – additional hook values as keyword arguments to set explicitly
- class InProfile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)
Represents an incoming profile of a disk element unit.
Using the
__init__is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.- chemical_composition
Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1).
- classifiers
Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.
- core_temperature
Temperature of the profile core.
- cross_section
Shape of the profile’s cross-section.
- density
Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.
- elastic_modulus
Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.
- equivalent_height
Height of the equivalent rectangle.
- equivalent_radius
Radius of a equivalent round.
- equivalent_rectangle
Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.
- equivalent_width
Width of the equivalent rectangle.
- flow_stress
Mean flow stress of the profile material.
- flow_stress_function
Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature
- grain_size
Average grain size of the profile’s material.
- heat_penetration_number
Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.
- height
Maximum height (y-direction).
- length
Length of the workpiece (x-direction).
- material
String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.
- microstructure_composition
Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).
- poissons_ratio
Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.
- scale_thickness
Thickness of the scale covering the profile.
- specific_heat_capacity
Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.
- strain
Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.
- surface_temperature
Mean temperature of the profile surface.
- t
Temporal coordinate.
- temperature
Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.
- thermal_conductivity
Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.
- thermal_diffusivity
Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.
- velocity
Mean material flow velocity.
- width
Maximum width (z-direction).
- x
Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.
- class OutProfile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)
Represents an outgoing profile of a disk element unit.
Using the
__init__is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.- chemical_composition
Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1).
- classifiers
Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.
- core_temperature
Temperature of the profile core.
- cross_section
Shape of the profile’s cross-section.
- density
Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.
- elastic_modulus
Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.
- equivalent_height
Height of the equivalent rectangle.
- equivalent_radius
Radius of a equivalent round.
- equivalent_rectangle
Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.
- equivalent_width
Width of the equivalent rectangle.
- flow_stress
Mean flow stress of the profile material.
- flow_stress_function
Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature
- grain_size
Average grain size of the profile’s material.
- heat_penetration_number
Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.
- height
Maximum height (y-direction).
- length
Length of the workpiece (x-direction).
- material
String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.
- microstructure_composition
Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).
- poissons_ratio
Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.
- scale_thickness
Thickness of the scale covering the profile.
- specific_heat_capacity
Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.
- strain
Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.
- surface_temperature
Mean temperature of the profile surface.
- t
Temporal coordinate.
- temperature
Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.
- thermal_conductivity
Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.
- thermal_diffusivity
Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.
- velocity
Mean material flow velocity.
- width
Maximum width (z-direction).
- x
Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.
- class Profile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)
Represents a profile in context of a disk element unit.
Using the
__init__is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.- chemical_composition
Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1).
- classifiers
Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.
- core_temperature
Temperature of the profile core.
- cross_section
Shape of the profile’s cross-section.
- density
Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.
- property disk_element: DiskElement
Reference to the disk element. Alias for
self.unit
- elastic_modulus
Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.
- equivalent_height
Height of the equivalent rectangle.
- equivalent_radius
Radius of a equivalent round.
- equivalent_rectangle
Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.
- equivalent_width
Width of the equivalent rectangle.
- flow_stress
Mean flow stress of the profile material.
- flow_stress_function
Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature
- grain_size
Average grain size of the profile’s material.
- heat_penetration_number
Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.
- height
Maximum height (y-direction).
- length
Length of the workpiece (x-direction).
- material
String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.
- microstructure_composition
Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).
- poissons_ratio
Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.
- scale_thickness
Thickness of the scale covering the profile.
- specific_heat_capacity
Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.
- strain
Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.
- surface_temperature
Mean temperature of the profile surface.
- t
Temporal coordinate.
- temperature
Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.
- thermal_conductivity
Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.
- thermal_diffusivity
Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.
- velocity
Mean material flow velocity.
- width
Maximum width (z-direction).
- x
Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.
- duration
Time needed to pass the unit (temporal extent).
- energy_consumption
Energy consumption of this unit per produced mass.
- iteration_precision
Precision of iteration break in solution loop.
- length
The length of the unit (spacial extent in rolling direction).
- mass_flux
Flux/throughput of mass through this unit.
- max_iteration_count
Count of maximum solution loop iterations before aborting.
- power
Total energy demand per time of this unit.
- surface_area
Surface area of workpiece within the unit.
- velocity
Mean velocity of material flow.
- volume
Volume of workpiece material within the unit.
- volume_flux
Flux/throughput of volume through this unit.
- class InProfile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)
Represents an incoming profile of a disked unit.
Using the
__init__is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.- chemical_composition
Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1).
- classifiers
Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.
- core_temperature
Temperature of the profile core.
- cross_section
Shape of the profile’s cross-section.
- density
Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.
- elastic_modulus
Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.
- equivalent_height
Height of the equivalent rectangle.
- equivalent_radius
Radius of a equivalent round.
- equivalent_rectangle
Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.
- equivalent_width
Width of the equivalent rectangle.
- flow_stress
Mean flow stress of the profile material.
- flow_stress_function
Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature
- grain_size
Average grain size of the profile’s material.
- heat_penetration_number
Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.
- height
Maximum height (y-direction).
- length
Length of the workpiece (x-direction).
- material
String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.
- microstructure_composition
Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).
- poissons_ratio
Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.
- scale_thickness
Thickness of the scale covering the profile.
- specific_heat_capacity
Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.
- strain
Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.
- surface_temperature
Mean temperature of the profile surface.
- t
Temporal coordinate.
- temperature
Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.
- thermal_conductivity
Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.
- thermal_diffusivity
Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.
- velocity
Mean material flow velocity.
- width
Maximum width (z-direction).
- x
Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.
- class OutProfile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)
Represents an outgoing profile of a disked unit.
Using the
__init__is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.- chemical_composition
Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1).
- classifiers
Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.
- core_temperature
Temperature of the profile core.
- cross_section
Shape of the profile’s cross-section.
- density
Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.
- elastic_modulus
Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.
- equivalent_height
Height of the equivalent rectangle.
- equivalent_radius
Radius of a equivalent round.
- equivalent_rectangle
Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.
- equivalent_width
Width of the equivalent rectangle.
- flow_stress
Mean flow stress of the profile material.
- flow_stress_function
Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature
- grain_size
Average grain size of the profile’s material.
- heat_penetration_number
Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.
- height
Maximum height (y-direction).
- length
Length of the workpiece (x-direction).
- material
String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.
- microstructure_composition
Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).
- poissons_ratio
Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.
- scale_thickness
Thickness of the scale covering the profile.
- specific_heat_capacity
Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.
- strain
Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.
- surface_temperature
Mean temperature of the profile surface.
- t
Temporal coordinate.
- temperature
Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.
- thermal_conductivity
Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.
- thermal_diffusivity
Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.
- velocity
Mean material flow velocity.
- width
Maximum width (z-direction).
- x
Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.
- class Profile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)
Represents a profile in context of a disked unit.
Using the
__init__is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.- chemical_composition
Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1).
- classifiers
Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.
- core_temperature
Temperature of the profile core.
- cross_section
Shape of the profile’s cross-section.
- density
Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.
- elastic_modulus
Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.
- equivalent_height
Height of the equivalent rectangle.
- equivalent_radius
Radius of a equivalent round.
- equivalent_rectangle
Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.
- equivalent_width
Width of the equivalent rectangle.
- flow_stress
Mean flow stress of the profile material.
- flow_stress_function
Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature
- grain_size
Average grain size of the profile’s material.
- heat_penetration_number
Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.
- height
Maximum height (y-direction).
- length
Length of the workpiece (x-direction).
- material
String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.
- microstructure_composition
Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).
- poissons_ratio
Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.
- scale_thickness
Thickness of the scale covering the profile.
- specific_heat_capacity
Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.
- strain
Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.
- surface_temperature
Mean temperature of the profile surface.
- t
Temporal coordinate.
- temperature
Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.
- thermal_conductivity
Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.
- thermal_diffusivity
Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.
- velocity
Mean material flow velocity.
- width
Maximum width (z-direction).
- x
Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.
- init_solve(in_profile: Profile)
Method called by the standard
solve()implementation to init the specialized profile instances for in and out.- Parameters:
in_profile – the incoming state passed to
solve()
- disk_element_count
Number of intermediate profiles to create during unit solution (in and out profiles are not counted within).
- property disk_elements: List[DiskElement]
A list of disk elements used to subdivide this unit.
- duration
Time needed to pass the unit (temporal extent).
- energy_consumption
Energy consumption of this unit per produced mass.
- iteration_precision
Precision of iteration break in solution loop.
- length
The length of the unit (spacial extent in rolling direction).
- mass_flux
Flux/throughput of mass through this unit.
- max_iteration_count
Count of maximum solution loop iterations before aborting.
- power
Total energy demand per time of this unit.
- surface_area
Surface area of workpiece within the unit.
- velocity
Mean velocity of material flow.
- volume
Volume of workpiece material within the unit.
- volume_flux
Flux/throughput of volume through this unit.