Rotator Units

The rotator is a helper unit to achieve profile rotation before feeding into the next roll pass.

The angle of rotation is determined Rotator.rotation hook, whose value must be in degree (may be negative). Default implementations of Rotator.rotation determine appropriate default values by examining the type classifiers of the incoming profile and the next roll pass in the unit sequence (determined using the Rotator.next_roll_pass property). The default implementations prefer rotation by 90° over no rotation, if both are appropriate. Currently, there are the following defaults:

type of in profile	type of roll pass	rotation in °
diamond	diamond	90
oval	round	90
round	oval	90
oval	square	90
square	oval	45
box	box	90
box	diamond	45
box	oval	90
square	box	45
round	flat	90

The recommended way to influence the rotation is by using the RollPass.rotation hook, unless one has a concrete need for a dedicated rotator unit. In contrast to Rotator.rotation its value may also be a bool, where False equals 0 and True means automatic determination by hook functions of Rotator.rotation (f.e. using the defaults above). The roll pass unit will create an appropriate rotator upon its solution initialization and use its outgoing profile as input for itself. If a dedicated rotator unit is present in the sequence between the current roll pass and its predecessor roll pass, automatic rotation will be disabled, as it is then assumed, that correct rotation has already happened.

To be explicit, one has basically two ways to influence the profile rotation:

using RollPass.rotation

sequence = PassSequence([
     RollPass(...),
     ...,
     RollPass(
         ...,
         rotation=45,
         ...,        
     ),
     ...,
     RollPass(...)
])

using a dedicated rotator and Rotator.rotation

sequence = PassSequence([
     RollPass(...),
     ...,
     Rotator(rotation=45),
     RollPass(...), # automatic rotation here is skipped, since upstream Rotator is detected
     ...,
     RollPass(...)
])

Of course, both ways can be used by implementing hook functions to.

class Rotator(label: str = '', parent=None, **kwargs)

Represents a unit rotating a profile around the rolling axis (mostly for feeding into next roll pass).

class InProfile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)

Represents an incoming profile of a rotator.

Using the __init__ is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.

ae1_temperature: Temperature at which austenite starts to transform into a mixture of ferrite and cementite during cooling.

ae3_temperature: Temperature above which the transformation of austenite into a mixture of ferrite and cementite is complete during cooling.

altitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in thickness (y) direction.

altitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in thickness (y) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

astm_grain_size_number: ASTM grain size number, assuming grains are round.

bainite_finish_temperature: Bainite finish temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

bainite_start_temperature: Bainite start temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

chemical_composition: Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1). The key of the dict should correspond to the nomenclature of the TDB (Thermodynamic Data Base file). This means only capital letters and abbreviations according to the periodic table of the elements.

classifiers: Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.

core_temperature: Temperature of the profile core.

cross_section: Shape of the profile’s cross-section.

deformation_activation_energy: Activation energy of deformation especially for calculation of Zener-Holomon-Parameter.

density: Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.

elastic_modulus: Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.

equivalent_height: Height of the equivalent rectangle.

equivalent_radius: Radius of a equivalent round.

equivalent_rectangle: Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.

equivalent_stress: Equivalent Stress.

equivalent_width: Width of the equivalent rectangle.

flow_stress: Mean flow stress of the profile material.

flow_stress_function: Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature

grain_size: Average grain size of the profile’s material.

heat_penetration_number: Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.

height: Maximum height (y-direction).

hydrostatic_stress: Hydrodynamic Stress.

latitudinal_contact_friction: Contact friction between profile and tooling in width (z) direction.

latitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in width (z) direction.

latitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in width (z) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

length: Length of the workpiece (x-direction).

longitudinal_contact_friction: Contact friction between profile and tooling in rolling (x) direction.

longitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in rolling (x) direction.

longitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in rolling (x) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

martensite_finish_temperature: Martensite finish temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

martensite_start_temperature: Martensite start temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

mass_per_meter: Weight of one meter of the profile.

material: String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.

microstructure_composition: Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).

normal_stress: Normal Stress acting between profile and tooling.

poissons_ratio: Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.

scale_thickness: Thickness of the scale covering the profile.

specific_heat_capacity: Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.

strain: Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.

surface_temperature: Mean temperature of the profile surface.

t: Temporal coordinate.

technologically_orientated_cross_section: Shape of the profile’s cross-section with technologically correct orientation.

temperature: Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.

thermal_conductivity: Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.

thermal_diffusivity: Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.

velocity: Mean material flow velocity.

vickers_hardness: Vickers hardness of the cold profile material.

width: Maximum width (z-direction).

x: Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.

class OutProfile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)

Represents an outgoing profile of a rotator.

Using the __init__ is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.

ae1_temperature: Temperature at which austenite starts to transform into a mixture of ferrite and cementite during cooling.

ae3_temperature: Temperature above which the transformation of austenite into a mixture of ferrite and cementite is complete during cooling.

altitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in thickness (y) direction.

altitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in thickness (y) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

astm_grain_size_number: ASTM grain size number, assuming grains are round.

bainite_finish_temperature: Bainite finish temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

bainite_start_temperature: Bainite start temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

chemical_composition: Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1). The key of the dict should correspond to the nomenclature of the TDB (Thermodynamic Data Base file). This means only capital letters and abbreviations according to the periodic table of the elements.

classifiers: Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.

core_temperature: Temperature of the profile core.

cross_section: Shape of the profile’s cross-section.

deformation_activation_energy: Activation energy of deformation especially for calculation of Zener-Holomon-Parameter.

density: Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.

elastic_modulus: Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.

equivalent_height: Height of the equivalent rectangle.

equivalent_radius: Radius of a equivalent round.

equivalent_rectangle: Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.

equivalent_stress: Equivalent Stress.

equivalent_width: Width of the equivalent rectangle.

flow_stress: Mean flow stress of the profile material.

flow_stress_function: Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature

grain_size: Average grain size of the profile’s material.

heat_penetration_number: Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.

height: Maximum height (y-direction).

hydrostatic_stress: Hydrodynamic Stress.

latitudinal_contact_friction: Contact friction between profile and tooling in width (z) direction.

latitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in width (z) direction.

latitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in width (z) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

length: Length of the workpiece (x-direction).

longitudinal_contact_friction: Contact friction between profile and tooling in rolling (x) direction.

longitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in rolling (x) direction.

longitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in rolling (x) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

martensite_finish_temperature: Martensite finish temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

martensite_start_temperature: Martensite start temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

mass_per_meter: Weight of one meter of the profile.

material: String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.

microstructure_composition: Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).

normal_stress: Normal Stress acting between profile and tooling.

poissons_ratio: Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.

scale_thickness: Thickness of the scale covering the profile.

specific_heat_capacity: Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.

strain: Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.

surface_temperature: Mean temperature of the profile surface.

t: Temporal coordinate.

technologically_orientated_cross_section: Shape of the profile’s cross-section with technologically correct orientation.

temperature: Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.

thermal_conductivity: Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.

thermal_diffusivity: Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.

velocity: Mean material flow velocity.

vickers_hardness: Vickers hardness of the cold profile material.

width: Maximum width (z-direction).

x: Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.

class Profile(unit: Unit, template: Profile)

Represents a profile in context of a rotator.

Using the __init__ is not recommended, use one of the factory class methods instead.

ae1_temperature: Temperature at which austenite starts to transform into a mixture of ferrite and cementite during cooling.

ae3_temperature: Temperature above which the transformation of austenite into a mixture of ferrite and cementite is complete during cooling.

altitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in thickness (y) direction.

altitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in thickness (y) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

astm_grain_size_number: ASTM grain size number, assuming grains are round.

bainite_finish_temperature: Bainite finish temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

bainite_start_temperature: Bainite start temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

chemical_composition: Chemical composition of the profile’s material as dict of element symbols to atom fractions (0 to 1). The key of the dict should correspond to the nomenclature of the TDB (Thermodynamic Data Base file). This means only capital letters and abbreviations according to the periodic table of the elements.

classifiers: Classifiers of the profile’s shape’s type.

core_temperature: Temperature of the profile core.

cross_section: Shape of the profile’s cross-section.

deformation_activation_energy: Activation energy of deformation especially for calculation of Zener-Holomon-Parameter.

density: Mean density (specific weight) of the profile material.

elastic_modulus: Mean elastic modulus of the profile material.

equivalent_height: Height of the equivalent rectangle.

equivalent_radius: Radius of a equivalent round.

equivalent_rectangle: Equivalent rectangle geometry for use with equivalent flat pass models.

equivalent_stress: Equivalent Stress.

equivalent_width: Width of the equivalent rectangle.

flow_stress: Mean flow stress of the profile material.

flow_stress_function: Flow stress depended on strain, strain-rate and temperature

grain_size: Average grain size of the profile’s material.

heat_penetration_number: Mean heat penetration number of the profile material.

height: Maximum height (y-direction).

hydrostatic_stress: Hydrodynamic Stress.

latitudinal_contact_friction: Contact friction between profile and tooling in width (z) direction.

latitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in width (z) direction.

latitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in width (z) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

length: Length of the workpiece (x-direction).

longitudinal_contact_friction: Contact friction between profile and tooling in rolling (x) direction.

longitudinal_strain: Logarithmic normal strain (principal strain) in rolling (x) direction.

longitudinal_stress: Normal stress (principal stress) in rolling (x) direction. Positive means tension, negative pressure.

martensite_finish_temperature: Martensite finish temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

martensite_start_temperature: Martensite start temperature for the given chemical composition of the profile.

mass_per_meter: Weight of one meter of the profile.

material: String or sequence of strings classifying the material of the profile. Can be used by material databases to retrieve respective data.

microstructure_composition: Phase resp. constituent composition of the profile’s material as dict of constituent names to volume fractions (0 to 1).

normal_stress: Normal Stress acting between profile and tooling.

poissons_ratio: Mean Poisson’s ratio of the profile material.

property rotator: Rotator: Reference to the rotator. Alias for self.unit.

scale_thickness: Thickness of the scale covering the profile.

specific_heat_capacity: Mean specific heat capacity of the profile material.

strain: Mean equivalent strain of the profile cross-section.

surface_temperature: Mean temperature of the profile surface.

t: Temporal coordinate.

technologically_orientated_cross_section: Shape of the profile’s cross-section with technologically correct orientation.

temperature: Mean temperature of the profile cross-section.

thermal_conductivity: Mean thermal conductivity of the profile material.

thermal_diffusivity: Mean thermal diffusivity of the profile material.

velocity: Mean material flow velocity.

vickers_hardness: Vickers hardness of the cold profile material.

width: Maximum width (z-direction).

x: Spacial coordinate in rolling direction.

duration: Time needed to pass the unit (temporal extent).

energy_consumption: Energy consumption of this unit per produced mass.

iteration_precision: Precision of iteration break in solution loop.

length: The length of the unit (spacial extent in rolling direction).

mass_flux: Flux/throughput of mass through this unit.

max_iteration_count: Count of maximum solution loop iterations before aborting.

property next_roll_pass

Returns a reference to the first succeeding roll pass of this unit in the sequence. If the parent of this unit is a roll pass, it is considered as the next roll pass.

Raises:: ValueError – if this unit has no parent unit

post_processors: list[Callable[[Self], Unit]] = []: List of unit factories to use as post-processors to modify the out-profile returned by solve.

power: Total energy demand per time of this unit.

pre_processors: list[Callable[[Self], Unit]] = []: List of unit factories to use as pre-processors to modify the in-profile given to solve.

property prev_roll_pass

Returns a reference to the first preceding roll pass of this unit in the sequence. If the parent of this unit is a roll pass, it is considered as the next roll pass, so the preceding of this is searched.

Raises:: ValueError – if this unit has no parent unit

rotation: Rotation applied to the profile in ° (degree).

surface_area: Surface area of workpiece within the unit.

velocity: Mean velocity of material flow.

volume: Volume of workpiece material within the unit.

volume_flux: Flux/throughput of volume through this unit.